Bioprinting & Additive Manufacturing
Droplet-based, robotic 6-axis, multi-arm, and cryogenic 3D bioprinting. Developer of the first air 3D printing technology.
Postdoctoral Researcher · Engineering Science & Mechanics
Pennsylvania State University
I develop advanced bioprinting technologies — from 3D printing of air as an intangible ink to droplet-based and robotic bioprinting — to engineer vascularized tissues and disease models. My work bridges biomaterials, additive manufacturing, and translational medicine, with publications in Nature, Nature Reviews, Small, and Advanced Functional Materials.
Core areas at the intersection of engineering and life sciences
Droplet-based, robotic 6-axis, multi-arm, and cryogenic 3D bioprinting. Developer of the first air 3D printing technology.
Vascularized and perfusable tissue constructs, intraoperative bioprinting for bone reconstruction in sheep and rat models.
Polymers, ceramics, composites, hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive microgels for 3D and 4D bioprinting applications.
Engineering perfusable hollow channels and microvascular networks for viable, thick tissue constructs using air as intangible ink.
Organ-on-a-chip platforms and 3D tumor models for cancer immunity research. Integration of AI with bioprinting workflows.
High-throughput microgel fabrication via air-assisted co-axial jetting for cell encapsulation and scaffolding.
Podcast: Invited for WPSU Penn State Public Broadcasting podcast on air 3D printing research.
Nature Reviews (IF 66.9): Published primer on Droplet-based Bioprinting in Nature Reviews Methods Primers.
NIH Grant ($3M): Awarded for "3D Printing of Air" — concept conceived and proposal written by Dr. Gupta.
Panel Member: Invited panelist at Penn State Materials Day — "3D printed biofunctional implants at the human health interface."
Teaching: Developed and taught Bioprinting (ESC-518), a new semester course at Penn State ESM Department.
22 publications · 450+ citations · 14 journals reviewed
@article{derman2026toolbox,
title={A toolbox for microvalve-based bioprinting},
author={Derman, Deniz and Sarikaya, Medine and Yilmaz, Yasar and Gupta, Deepak and Rizvi, Syed and Rivera, Taino and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Biofabrication},
year={2026},
publisher={IOP Publishing},
doi={10.1088/1758-5090/ae54d1}
}
@article{namli2026stepladder,
title={Step-Ladder Bioprinting to Align Collagen Fibers for Anisotropic Tissue Fabrication},
author={Namli, Ilayda and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Rizvi, Syed and Yilmaz, Yasar and Robazzi, Joao and Sarikaya, Medine and Baykara, Mehmet and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Small},
year={2026},
doi={10.1002/smll.202510498}
}@article{gupta2025droplet,
title={Droplet-based Bioprinting},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Derman, Irem and Xu, Changxue and Huang, Yong and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Nature Reviews Methods Primers},
year={2025},
doi={10.1038/s43586-025-00394-y}
}@article{gupta2025airprinting,
title={3D Printing of Air},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Piva, Henrique and Pal, Vaibhav and Li, Suihong and Rizvi, Syed and Alioglu, Mecit and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Nature},
year={2025},
note={Under review}
}@article{yeo2025intraoperative,
title={Intraoperative bioprinting for craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction in rats and sheep},
author={Yeo, Miji and Gupta, Deepak and Derman, Irem and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Small Science},
year={2025},
doi={10.1002/smsc.202400621}
}@article{pal2025microgels,
title={Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)printing Applications},
author={Pal, Vaibhav and Gupta, Deepak and Liu, Suihong and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Small},
year={2025},
doi={10.1002/smll.202502262}
}@article{namli2025corneal,
title={Progressive Insights into 3D Bioprinting for Corneal Tissue Restoration},
author={Namli, Ilayda and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Advanced Healthcare Materials},
year={2025},
doi={10.1002/adhm.202503372}
}@article{robazzi2025ai,
title={The Synergy of Artificial Intelligence and 3D Bioprinting},
author={Robazzi, Joao and Derman, Irem and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
year={2025},
doi={10.1002/adfm.202509530}
}@article{singh2025threetier,
title={Three-tier framework for high-throughput biofabrication: Integrating 3D bioprinting, assistive platforms, and translational opportunities},
author={Singh, Yogendra and Moses, Joseph and Kim, Myoung and Gupta, Deepak and Pal, Vaibhav and Deniz, Irem and Gerhard, Ethan and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Bioactive Materials},
volume={57},
pages={726--753},
year={2025},
doi={10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.024}
}@article{wu2024embedded,
title={Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism among Process Parameters toward the Biofabrication of High-Quality Shapes in Embedded Bioprinting},
author={Wu, Yang and Yang, Xue and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
year={2024},
doi={10.1002/adfm.202313088}
}@article{alioglu2024silicone,
title={A Versatile Photocrosslinkable Silicone Composite for 3D Printing Applications},
author={Alioglu, Mecit and Yilmaz, Yasar and Gerhard, Ethan and Pal, Vaibhav and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Advanced Materials Technologies},
year={2024},
doi={10.1002/admt.202301858}
}@article{gupta2023cancer,
title={Innovative 3D technologies in cancer immunity research and therapy},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Chichkov, Boris and Vereb, Zoltan and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Frontiers in Immunology},
year={2023},
doi={10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235483}
}@article{alioglu2023nested,
title={Nested Biofabrication: Matryoshka-Inspired Intra-Embedded Bioprinting},
author={Alioglu, Mecit and Yilmaz, Yasar and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Small Methods},
year={2023},
doi={10.1002/smtd.202301325}
}@article{gupta2023coreshell,
title={Natural bone inspired core-shell triple-layered gel/PCL/gel 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={Biomedical Materials},
year={2023},
doi={10.1088/1748-605x/ad06c2}
}@article{pal2023microgel,
title={High-throughput microgel biofabrication via air-assisted co-axial jetting},
author={Pal, Vaibhav and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
journal={Biofabrication},
year={2023},
doi={10.1088/1758-5090/acc4eb}
}@incollection{gupta2023material,
title={Material Selection and Processing Challenges with Additive Manufacturing in Biomimicry for Biomedical Applications},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
booktitle={Advances in Additive Manufacturing: Artificial Intelligence, Nature Inspired and Bio-Manufacturing},
publisher={Elsevier},
pages={431-448},
year={2023},
doi={10.1016/b978-0-323-91834-3.00020-x}
}@article{gupta2021robotic,
title={Highly controlled robotic customised gel functionalization on 3D printed PCL framework for bone tissue engineering},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={Bioprinting},
year={2021},
doi={10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00175}
}@article{gupta2021multiscale,
title={Multiscale porosity in a 3D printed gellan-gelatin composite for bone tissue engineering},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Vashisth, Priya and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={Biomedical Materials},
volume={16},
number={3},
pages={034103},
year={2021},
doi={10.1088/1748-605x/abf1a7}
}@article{kar2021ethanol,
title={Ethanol affects fibroblast behaviour differentially at low and high doses},
author={Kar, Neelakshi and Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={Toxicology Reports},
year={2021},
doi={10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.007}
}@article{vashisth2020quercetin,
title={Three Dimensional Quercetin-Functionalized Patterned Scaffold for Neural Tissue Engineering},
author={Vashisth, Priya and Kar, Neelakshi and Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={ACS Omega},
year={2020},
doi={10.1021/acsomega.0c02678}
}@article{gupta2019multiscale,
title={Multiscale Porosity in Compressible Cryogenically 3D Printed Gels for Bone Tissue Engineering},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Dravid, Ashwin and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
year={2019},
doi={10.1021/acsami.9b05460}
}@article{gupta2019naoh,
title={Modelling and optimization of NaOH-etched 3D printed PCL for enhanced cellular attachment and growth},
author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Kar, Neelakshi and Dravid, Ashwin and Bellare, Jayesh},
journal={Materials Science and Engineering: C},
year={2019},
doi={10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.084}
}Active projects at the Ozbolat Lab, Penn State University
First-ever technology using air as an intangible, invisible ink to generate hollow channels within bioprinted constructs — enabling perfusable tissues for vascularization and disease modelling.
Stimuli-responsive bioactive 4D printed microgels for self-actuating muscle tissue models with faster vascularization. MRI-funded ($50K, 2025–2027).
In-situ bioprinting using a 6-axis EPSON robotic arm for craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction directly in sheep and rat surgical models.
Machine learning and AI methods for optimizing 3D bioprinting process parameters, embedded bioprinting quality, and tissue fabrication precision.
Air-assisted co-axial jetting platform for scalable production of cell-laden microgels for encapsulation, 3D bioprinting, and scaffolding at high throughput.
Natural-bone inspired 3D printed hierarchical scaffolds and corneal tissue models — bridging patient-specific CT scan design with GMP manufacturing and pre-clinical testing.
Profiles, datasets, and code repositories
Ph.D. (IIT Bombay) · M.Tech. (IIT Bombay) · B.Tech. (IIT-BHU)