Dr. Deepak Gupta

Postdoctoral Researcher · Engineering Science & Mechanics
Pennsylvania State University

I develop advanced bioprinting technologies — from 3D printing of air as an intangible ink to droplet-based and robotic bioprinting — to engineer vascularized tissues and disease models. My work bridges biomaterials, additive manufacturing, and translational medicine, with publications in Nature, Nature Reviews, Small, and Advanced Functional Materials.

22+Publications
450+Citations
$3M+Grants
5Patents
74Papers Reviewed
IF 66.9Highest Impact Factor

Research Interests

Core areas at the intersection of engineering and life sciences

Bioprinting & Additive Manufacturing

Droplet-based, robotic 6-axis, multi-arm, and cryogenic 3D bioprinting. Developer of the first air 3D printing technology.

Tissue Engineering

Vascularized and perfusable tissue constructs, intraoperative bioprinting for bone reconstruction in sheep and rat models.

Biomaterials

Polymers, ceramics, composites, hydrogels, and stimuli-responsive microgels for 3D and 4D bioprinting applications.

Vascularization

Engineering perfusable hollow channels and microvascular networks for viable, thick tissue constructs using air as intangible ink.

Disease Modelling

Organ-on-a-chip platforms and 3D tumor models for cancer immunity research. Integration of AI with bioprinting workflows.

Microfluidics & Microgels

High-throughput microgel fabrication via air-assisted co-axial jetting for cell encapsulation and scaffolding.

Recent News

May 2025

Podcast: Invited for WPSU Penn State Public Broadcasting podcast on air 3D printing research.

2025

Nature Reviews (IF 66.9): Published primer on Droplet-based Bioprinting in Nature Reviews Methods Primers.

2024–2028

NIH Grant ($3M): Awarded for "3D Printing of Air" — concept conceived and proposal written by Dr. Gupta.

Oct 2024

Panel Member: Invited panelist at Penn State Materials Day — "3D printed biofunctional implants at the human health interface."

Fall 2025

Teaching: Developed and taught Bioprinting (ESC-518), a new semester course at Penn State ESM Department.

Publications

22 publications · 450+ citations · 14 journals reviewed

2026
Deniz Derman, Medine Sarikaya, Yasar Yilmaz, Deepak Gupta, Syed Rizvi, Taino Rivera, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Biofabrication IF 8.0 Published
@article{derman2026toolbox,
  title={A toolbox for microvalve-based bioprinting},
  author={Derman, Deniz and Sarikaya, Medine and Yilmaz, Yasar and Gupta, Deepak and Rizvi, Syed and Rivera, Taino and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Biofabrication},
  year={2026},
  publisher={IOP Publishing},
  doi={10.1088/1758-5090/ae54d1}
}
Ilayda Namli, Yogendra Singh, Deepak Gupta, Syed Rizvi, Yasar Yilmaz, Joao Robazzi, Medine Sarikaya, Mehmet Baykara, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Small IF 12.1 Published
@article{namli2026stepladder,
  title={Step-Ladder Bioprinting to Align Collagen Fibers for Anisotropic Tissue Fabrication},
  author={Namli, Ilayda and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Rizvi, Syed and Yilmaz, Yasar and Robazzi, Joao and Sarikaya, Medine and Baykara, Mehmet and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Small},
  year={2026},
  doi={10.1002/smll.202510498}
}
2025
Deepak Gupta, Irem Derman, Changxue Xu, Yong Huang, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Nature Reviews Methods Primers IF 66.9 Published · 28 citations
@article{gupta2025droplet,
  title={Droplet-based Bioprinting},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Derman, Irem and Xu, Changxue and Huang, Yong and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Nature Reviews Methods Primers},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1038/s43586-025-00394-y}
}
3D Printing of Air
Deepak Gupta, Henrique Piva, Vaibhav Pal, Suihong Li, Syed Rizvi, Mecit Alioglu, Yasar Yilmaz, Annie Smith, Logan Haugh, Joao Robazzi, Jade Sency, Myoung Kim, Thomas Neuberger, Francesco Costanzo, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Nature IF 55.0 Under Review
@article{gupta2025airprinting,
  title={3D Printing of Air},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Piva, Henrique and Pal, Vaibhav and Li, Suihong and Rizvi, Syed and Alioglu, Mecit and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2025},
  note={Under review}
}
Miji Yeo*, Deepak Gupta*, Irem Derman, Sendegul Yildirim, Yogendra Singh, Ethan Gerhard, Elias Rizk, Thomas Neuberger, Ibrahim Ozbolat (* equal contribution)
Small Science IF 11.1 Published · 3 citations
@article{yeo2025intraoperative,
  title={Intraoperative bioprinting for craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction in rats and sheep},
  author={Yeo, Miji and Gupta, Deepak and Derman, Irem and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Small Science},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1002/smsc.202400621}
}
Vaibhav Pal, Deepak Gupta, Suihong Liu, Ilayda Namli, Syed Rizvi, Yasar Yilmaz, Logan Haugh, Ethan Gerhard, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Small IF 12.1 Published · 12 citations
@article{pal2025microgels,
  title={Interparticle Crosslinked Ion-responsive Microgels for 3D and 4D (Bio)printing Applications},
  author={Pal, Vaibhav and Gupta, Deepak and Liu, Suihong and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Small},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1002/smll.202502262}
}
Ilayda Namli, Deepak Gupta, Yogendra Singh, Pallab Datta, Muhammad Rizwan, Mehmet Baykara, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Advanced Healthcare Materials IF 9.6 Published · 5 citations
@article{namli2025corneal,
  title={Progressive Insights into 3D Bioprinting for Corneal Tissue Restoration},
  author={Namli, Ilayda and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Advanced Healthcare Materials},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1002/adhm.202503372}
}
Joao Robazzi*, Irem Derman*, Deepak Gupta, Logan Haugh, Yogendra Singh, Vaibhav Pal, Suihong Liu, Yasar Yilmaz, Andre Dias, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Advanced Functional Materials IF 18.5 Published · 17 citations
@article{robazzi2025ai,
  title={The Synergy of Artificial Intelligence and 3D Bioprinting},
  author={Robazzi, Joao and Derman, Irem and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1002/adfm.202509530}
}
Yogendra Singh, Joseph Moses, Myoung Kim, Deepak Gupta, Vaibhav Pal, Irem Deniz, Ethan Gerhard, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Bioactive Materials IF 20.3 Published · 6 citations
@article{singh2025threetier,
  title={Three-tier framework for high-throughput biofabrication: Integrating 3D bioprinting, assistive platforms, and translational opportunities},
  author={Singh, Yogendra and Moses, Joseph and Kim, Myoung and Gupta, Deepak and Pal, Vaibhav and Deniz, Irem and Gerhard, Ethan and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Bioactive Materials},
  volume={57},
  pages={726--753},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.11.024}
}
Yang Wu, Xue Yang, Deepak Gupta, Mecit Alioglu, Minghao Qin, Veli Ozbolat, Yao Li, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Advanced Functional Materials IF 18.5 Published · 33 citations
@article{wu2024embedded,
  title={Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism among Process Parameters toward the Biofabrication of High-Quality Shapes in Embedded Bioprinting},
  author={Wu, Yang and Yang, Xue and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1002/adfm.202313088}
}
Mecit Alioglu, Yasar Yilmaz, Ethan Gerhard, Vaibhav Pal, Deepak Gupta, Syed Rizvi, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Advanced Materials Technologies IF 7.4 Published · 18 citations
@article{alioglu2024silicone,
  title={A Versatile Photocrosslinkable Silicone Composite for 3D Printing Applications},
  author={Alioglu, Mecit and Yilmaz, Yasar and Gerhard, Ethan and Pal, Vaibhav and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Advanced Materials Technologies},
  year={2024},
  doi={10.1002/admt.202301858}
}
2023
Deepak Gupta, Boris Chichkov, Zoltan Vereb, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Frontiers in Immunology IF 5.9 Published · 1 citation
@article{gupta2023cancer,
  title={Innovative 3D technologies in cancer immunity research and therapy},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Chichkov, Boris and Vereb, Zoltan and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Frontiers in Immunology},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235483}
}
Mecit Alioglu*, Yasar Yilmaz*, Yogendra Singh*, Momoka Nagamine, Nazmiye Celik, Myoung Kim, Vaibhav Pal, Deepak Gupta, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Small Methods IF 9.1 Published · 15 citations
@article{alioglu2023nested,
  title={Nested Biofabrication: Matryoshka-Inspired Intra-Embedded Bioprinting},
  author={Alioglu, Mecit and Yilmaz, Yasar and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Small Methods},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1002/smtd.202301325}
}
Deepak Gupta, Atul Singh, Jayesh Bellare
Biomedical Materials IF 3.9 Published · 10 citations
@article{gupta2023coreshell,
  title={Natural bone inspired core-shell triple-layered gel/PCL/gel 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Bellare, Jayesh},
  journal={Biomedical Materials},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1088/1748-605x/ad06c2}
}
Vaibhav Pal, Yogendra Singh, Deepak Gupta, Mecit Alioglu, Momoka Nagamine, Myoung Kim, Ibrahim Ozbolat
Biofabrication IF 8.0 Published · 38 citations
@article{pal2023microgel,
  title={High-throughput microgel biofabrication via air-assisted co-axial jetting},
  author={Pal, Vaibhav and Singh, Yogendra and Gupta, Deepak and Ozbolat, Ibrahim},
  journal={Biofabrication},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1088/1758-5090/acc4eb}
}
Deepak Gupta, Jayesh Bellare
Advances in Additive Manufacturing (Elsevier)3 citations Book ChapterPublished · 3 citations
@incollection{gupta2023material,
  title={Material Selection and Processing Challenges with Additive Manufacturing in Biomimicry for Biomedical Applications},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
  booktitle={Advances in Additive Manufacturing: Artificial Intelligence, Nature Inspired and Bio-Manufacturing},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  pages={431-448},
  year={2023},
  doi={10.1016/b978-0-323-91834-3.00020-x}
}
2021
Deepak Gupta, Priya Vashisth, Jayesh Bellare
Biomedical Materials IF 3.9 Published · 39 citations
@article{gupta2021multiscale,
  title={Multiscale porosity in a 3D printed gellan-gelatin composite for bone tissue engineering},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Vashisth, Priya and Bellare, Jayesh},
  journal={Biomedical Materials},
  volume={16},
  number={3},
  pages={034103},
  year={2021},
  doi={10.1088/1748-605x/abf1a7}
}
2020
Priya Vashisth, Neelakshi Kar, Deepak Gupta, Jayesh Bellare
ACS Omega IF 4.3 Published · 26 citations
@article{vashisth2020quercetin,
  title={Three Dimensional Quercetin-Functionalized Patterned Scaffold for Neural Tissue Engineering},
  author={Vashisth, Priya and Kar, Neelakshi and Gupta, Deepak and Bellare, Jayesh},
  journal={ACS Omega},
  year={2020},
  doi={10.1021/acsomega.0c02678}
}
2019
Deepak Gupta, Atul Singh, Ashwin Dravid, Jayesh Bellare
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces IF 8.5 Published · 68 citations
@article{gupta2019multiscale,
  title={Multiscale Porosity in Compressible Cryogenically 3D Printed Gels for Bone Tissue Engineering},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Dravid, Ashwin and Bellare, Jayesh},
  journal={ACS Applied Materials \& Interfaces},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1021/acsami.9b05460}
}
Deepak Gupta, Atul Singh, Neelakshi Kar, Ashwin Dravid, Jayesh Bellare
Materials Science and Engineering: C IF 7.3 Published · 94 citations
@article{gupta2019naoh,
  title={Modelling and optimization of NaOH-etched 3D printed PCL for enhanced cellular attachment and growth},
  author={Gupta, Deepak and Singh, Atul and Kar, Neelakshi and Dravid, Ashwin and Bellare, Jayesh},
  journal={Materials Science and Engineering: C},
  year={2019},
  doi={10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.084}
}

Research Projects

Active projects at the Ozbolat Lab, Penn State University

3D Printing of Air

In Review · Nature

First-ever technology using air as an intangible, invisible ink to generate hollow channels within bioprinted constructs — enabling perfusable tissues for vascularization and disease modelling.

4D Bioprinting of Microgel-based Vascular Muscle Models

Ongoing

Stimuli-responsive bioactive 4D printed microgels for self-actuating muscle tissue models with faster vascularization. MRI-funded ($50K, 2025–2027).

Intraoperative Robotic Bioprinting

Published

In-situ bioprinting using a 6-axis EPSON robotic arm for craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction directly in sheep and rat surgical models.

AI-Integrated Bioprinting Workflows

Published

Machine learning and AI methods for optimizing 3D bioprinting process parameters, embedded bioprinting quality, and tissue fabrication precision.

High-Throughput Microgel Biofabrication

Published

Air-assisted co-axial jetting platform for scalable production of cell-laden microgels for encapsulation, 3D bioprinting, and scaffolding at high throughput.

Corneal & Bone Scaffold Engineering

Ongoing

Natural-bone inspired 3D printed hierarchical scaffolds and corneal tissue models — bridging patient-specific CT scan design with GMP manufacturing and pre-clinical testing.

Curriculum Vitae

Ph.D. (IIT Bombay) · M.Tech. (IIT Bombay) · B.Tech. (IIT-BHU)

Education

2022 – present
Postdoctoral Researcher
Pennsylvania State University · Engineering Science & Mechanics
Advisor: Prof. Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
2021 – 2022
Postdoctoral Researcher
IIT Bombay · Chemical Engineering
Advisor: Prof. Jayesh Bellare
2014 – 2021
Doctorate & Master's (Chemical Engineering, CPI: 9.29)
IIT Bombay
Advisor: Prof. Jayesh Bellare · Naik & Rastogi Excellence in Ph.D. Thesis Award 2022
2010 – 2014
B.Tech. Chemical Engineering (CPI: 8.08)
IIT (BHU) Varanasi

Grants Awarded

2024–2028
NIH — $3,000,000
3D Printing of Air: An Intangible Ink for Fabrication of Vascularized Tissues
Idea conception and full proposal writing by Dr. Gupta · PIs: I. Ozbolat, D. Ravnic
2025–2027
MRI — $50,000
4D Bioprinting of Bioactive Self-actuation-enabled Microgel-based Vascularized Muscle Tissue Model
Full proposal written by Dr. Gupta · PIs: I. Ozbolat, D. Ravnic, G. Nader
2016–2020
DST India
3-D structurally graded near net shape material for bone tissue engineering
2014–2029
Tata Centre for Technology & Design (2 grants)
Low-cost bone and near net shape graft for Dental and orthopaedic bone reconstruction

Selected Awards

2022
Naik & Rastogi Excellence in Ph.D. Thesis Award
IIT Bombay, Chemical Engineering
2017
Student Travel Award (STAR)
Society for Biomaterials, Minnesota, USA
2015
Study Tour — MIT, USA
IIT Bombay Tata Centre for Technology & Design
2014
TATA Fellow + MHRD M.Tech & Ph.D. Fellowships
IIT Bombay
2010
IIT-JEE (99 percentile)
All India Engineering Entrance

Technical Skills

Instruments
3D Bioprinting 6-Axis Robotics Cryogenic Printer Microfluidics Rheometer Micro-CT SEM/FEG-SEM Confocal Two-photon Microscopy
Software
EPSON RC+ SolidWorks MIMICS nTopology ImageJ MATLAB ANSYS Origin GraphPad Prism
Programming
Python Arduino Processing
Cell Biology
hMSC Isolation HUVEC 3D Cell Culture Immunofluorescence CAM Assay

Patents

Filed
3D Printing of Air
I. Ozbolat, D. Gupta, A. Alioglu
Filed
Microgel Composition
I. Ozbolat, V. Pal, D. Gupta
Granted
3D-printing of scaffold constructs for patient specific regenerative medicine
J. Bellare, D. Gupta, A. Kumar · Patent No. 382552
Granted
Biomimetic 3D hydrogel-based scaffold
J. Bellare, D. Gupta · IPA No. 202021048205
Granted
Biomimetic 3D scaffold and production method
J. Bellare, D. Gupta · IPA No. 202021050970

Teaching

Fall 2025
Bioprinting (ESC-518) — Semester Course
Penn State University, ESM Department
2022–present
Mentor, 4 undergraduate theses + 3 graduate projects
Penn State University
2019–2021
FEG-SEM Operator & Student Trainer
IIT Bombay Central Facility (74 research articles reviewed)

Contact

📞 +1 347-552-3283
🏛️ W313 Millennium Science Complex, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802